contoh-contoh perubahan word-formation
|
No
|
Process
|
Example
|
|
1
|
Mob - mobile
|
Clipping
|
|
2
|
Patter - paternoster
|
Clipping
|
|
3
|
Wig - periwig
|
Clipping
|
|
4
|
Cab - cabriolet
|
Clipping
|
|
5
|
Brandy – brandy-wine
|
Clipping
|
|
6
|
Pun - pundigrion
|
Clipping
|
|
7
|
Grog - grogam
|
Clipping
|
|
8
|
Bus - omnibus
|
Clipping
|
|
9
|
Bant - banting
|
Clipping
|
|
10
|
Fad-fadaise
|
Clipping
|
|
11
|
Pike-turnpike
|
Clipping
|
|
12
|
Draw - drawbridge
|
Clipping
|
|
13
|
Coon - racoon
|
Clipping
|
|
14
|
Possum - opossum
|
Clipping
|
|
15
|
Cuss - customer
|
Clipping
|
|
16
|
Squash - askuasquah
|
Clipping
|
|
17
|
Cromo-cromolithograph
|
Backformation
|
|
18
|
Phone-telephone
|
Backformation
|
|
19
|
Gas- gasoline
|
clipping
|
|
20
|
Co-ed – co-educational
|
Clipping
|
|
21
|
Pop - populist
|
Clipping
|
|
22
|
Frat - fraternity
|
Backformation
|
|
23
|
Gym – gymnasium
|
Clipping
|
|
24
|
Movie – moving picture
|
Blending
|
|
25
|
Plane – air-plane
|
backformation
|
|
26
|
Prep school – preparatory school
|
Clipping
|
|
27
|
Auto - automobile
|
clipping
|
|
28
|
Aero - aeroplane
|
Clipping
|
|
29
|
Pep - pepper
|
Clipping
|
|
30
|
Flu - influenza
|
Clipping
|
|
31
|
Plute - plutocrat
|
Clipping
|
|
32
|
Vamp - vampire
|
Clipping
|
|
33
|
Pen – penitentiary
|
Clipping
|
|
34
|
Con – confidence
|
Clipping
|
|
35
|
Defi – defiance
|
Backformation
|
|
36
|
Beaut –beauty
|
Backformation
|
|
37
|
Rep – reputation
|
Clipping
|
|
38
|
Stenog – stenographer
|
Backformation
|
|
39
|
Pard – partner
|
Backformation
|
|
40
|
Coke – cocaine
|
Clipping
|
|
41
|
Simp – simpleton
|
Clipping
|
|
42
|
Ambish – ambition
|
Backformation
|
|
43
|
Vag – vagrant
|
Backformation
|
|
44
|
Champ – champion
|
Backformation
|
|
45
|
Diff – difference
|
Clipping
|
|
46
|
Grass – asparagus
|
Etimology
|
|
47
|
Mum – chrysanthemum
|
Clipping
|
|
48
|
Mutt – muttonhead
|
Clipping
|
|
49
|
Wiz – wizard
|
Clipping
|
|
50
|
Rube – reuben
|
Backformation
|
|
51
|
Hon – honey
|
Clipping
|
|
52
|
Barkeep – barkeeper
|
Backformation
|
|
53
|
Divvy – division
|
Backformation
|
|
54
|
Jit – jitney
|
Clipping
|
|
55
|
Smoker - smoking-car
|
Blending
|
|
56
|
Diner – dining-car
|
Blending
|
|
57
|
Sleeper – sleeping car
|
Blending
|
|
58
|
Oleo – eleomar-garine
|
clipping
|
|
59
|
Hypo – hyposulphite
|
Clipping
|
|
60
|
Yank – yankee
|
Backformation
|
|
61
|
Memo – memorandum
|
Clipping
|
|
62
|
Pop – popular
|
Clipping
|
|
63
|
Gator – alligator
|
Clipping
|
|
64
|
Foots- footlights
|
Clipping
|
|
65
|
Ham – hamfather
|
Clipping
|
|
66
|
Sub – substitute
|
Backformation
|
|
67
|
Knicker – knickerbocker
|
Clipping
|
|
68
|
Prof – professor
|
Clipping
|
|
69
|
Prom – promenade
|
Clipping
|
|
70
|
Soph = sophomore
|
Clipping
|
|
71
|
Grad – graduate
|
Clipping
|
|
72
|
Lab – laboratory
|
Clipping
|
|
73
|
Dorm – dormitory
|
Backformation
|
|
74
|
Plebe – plebeian
|
Backformation
|
|
75
|
Ad – advertisement
|
Clipping
|
|
76
|
“ad-writer”
|
Derivational
|
|
77
|
“want-ad”
|
Derivational
|
|
78
|
“display-ad”
|
Derivational
|
|
79
|
“ad-card”
|
Derivational
|
|
80
|
“ad-rate”
|
Derivational
|
|
81
|
“column-ad”
|
Derivational
|
|
82
|
“ad-man”
|
Derivational
|
|
83
|
Bo – hobo
|
Clipping
|
|
84
|
Hoak – hoakum
|
Backformation
|
|
85
|
Hum- hummer
|
Backformation
|
|
86
|
Try – trial
|
Backformation
|
|
87
|
To jell
|
Conversion (zero derivation)
|
|
88
|
To auto
|
Conversion (zero derivation)
|
|
89
|
To commute
|
Conversion (zero derivation)
|
|
90
|
To typewrite
|
Conversion (zero derivation)
|
|
91
|
To tiptoe
|
Conversion (zero derivation)
|
|
92
|
To reminisce
|
Conversion (zero derivation)
|
|
93
|
To insurge
|
Conversion (zero derivation)
|
|
94
|
To vamp
|
Conversion (zero derivation)
|
|
95
|
To peeve
|
Conversion (zero derivation)
|
|
96
|
To jubilate
|
Conversion (zero derivation)
|
|
97
|
To taxi
|
Conversion (zero derivation)
|
|
98
|
To orate
|
Conversion (zero derivation)
|
|
99
|
To bach
|
Conversion (zero derivation)
|
|
100
|
To barb
|
Conversion (zero derivation)
|
|
101
|
To chauf
|
Conversion (zero derivation)
|
|
102
|
To ready
|
Conversion (zero derivation)
|
|
103
|
To elocute
|
Conversion (zero derivation)
|
|
104
|
To burgle
|
Conversion (zero derivation)
|
|
105
|
To ush
|
Conversion (zero derivation)
|
|
106
|
To sculp
|
Conversion (zero derivation)
|
|
107
|
To butch
|
Conversion (zero derivation)
|
|
108
|
To con
|
Conversion (zero derivation)
|
|
109
|
To buttle
|
Conversion (zero derivation)
|
|
110
|
To barkeep
|
Conversion (zero derivation)
|
|
111
|
To dressmake
|
Conversion (zero derivation)
|
|
121
|
To housekeep
|
Conversion (zero derivation)
|
|
122
|
To boheme
|
Conversion (zero derivation)
|
|
123
|
To photo
|
Conversion (zero derivation)
|
|
124
|
To divvy
|
Conversion (zero derivation)
|
|
125
|
sesech
|
Conversion, backformation
|
|
126
|
Chortle ( chuckle&snort)
|
Blending
|
|
127
|
Dumbfound (dumb&confound)
|
Blending
|
|
128
|
Luncheon (lunchy&nuncheon)
|
Blending
|
|
129
|
Blurt (blare&spurt)
|
Blending
|
|
130
|
Gerrymander (Gerry&salamander)
|
Blending
|
|
131
|
Cablegram (cable+telegram)
|
Blending
|
|
132
|
Electrocute (electricity&execute)
|
Blending
|
|
133
|
Electrolier (electricity+chandelier)
|
Blending
|
|
134
|
Amerind (American+Indian)
|
Blending
|
|
135
|
Doggery (dog+grogerry)
|
Blending
|
|
136
|
Riffle (ripple&ruffle)
|
Blending
|
|
137
|
Travelogue(travel + monologue)
|
Blending
|
|
138
|
Pomato (potato&tomato)
|
Blending
|
|
139
|
Slanguage (slang+language)
|
Blending
|
|
140
|
Thon (that&one)
|
Blending
|
|
141
|
Boost (boom+horst)
|
Blending
|
|
142
|
Printerry (printing-office)
|
Blending
|
|
143
|
Harberteria
|
Derivational
|
|
144
|
Groceriteria
|
Derivational
|
|
145
|
Farmerette
|
Derivational
|
|
146
|
Conductorette
|
Derivational
|
|
147
|
Kitchenette
|
Derivational
|
|
148
|
Cellarette
|
Derivational
|
|
149
|
Featurette
|
Derivational
|
|
150
|
Leatherette
|
Derivational
|
|
151
|
Flannelette
|
Derivational
|
|
152
|
Crispette
|
Derivational
|
|
153
|
Usherette
|
Derivational
|
|
154
|
Huskerette
|
Derivational
|
|
155
|
Conducrorette
|
Derivational
|
|
156
|
Near-beer
|
Derivational
|
|
157
|
Near-silk
|
Derivational
|
|
158
|
Draftee
|
Derivational
|
|
159
|
Kreislerite
|
Derivational
|
|
160
|
Dps[ester
|
Derivational
|
|
161
|
Chalkogist
|
Derivational
|
|
162
|
Soap-boxer
|
Compounding
|
|
163
|
Picturedom
|
Derivational
|
|
164
|
Golfitis
|
Derivational
|
|
165
|
Palmerism
|
Derivational
|
|
166
|
To hoverize
|
Derivational, coinage
|
|
167
|
Probe
|
Backformation
|
|
168
|
Wed
|
Backformation
|
|
169
|
Hello-girl
|
Blending
|
|
170
|
Soul-mate
|
compounding
|
|
171
|
Love-nest
|
Compounding
|
|
172
|
Love-pirate
|
Compounding
|
|
173
|
O.K
|
Acronym
|
|
174
|
C.O.D
|
Acronym
|
|
175
|
N.G
|
Acronym
|
|
176
|
G.O.P
|
Acronym
|
|
177
|
P.D.Q
|
Acronym
|
|
178
|
O.R
|
Acronym
|
|
179
|
Ok
|
Borrowing, Acronym
|
|
180
|
T.B
|
Acronym
|
|
181
|
G.B
|
Acronym
|
|
182
|
Q.T
|
Acronym
|
|
183
|
f.o.b
|
Acronym
|
|
184
|
D&D
|
Acronym
|
|
185
|
Sixteenth
|
Compounding
|
|
186
|
Corn-fed
|
Compounding
|
|
187
|
Tight-wad
|
Compounding
|
|
188
|
Bone-head
|
Compounding
|
|
189
|
Bleachers
|
Derivational
|
|
190
|
Juice
|
Compounding
|
|
191
|
To maffick
|
Conversion (zero derivation)
|
|
192
|
To limehouse
|
Conversion (zero derivation)
|
|
193
|
To strafe
|
Conversion (zero derivation)
|
|
194
|
To wangle
|
Conversion (zero derivation)
|
|
195
|
Joyride
|
compounding
|
|
196
|
Highbrow
|
Compounding
|
|
197
|
Readlouse
|
Compounding
|
|
198
|
Sobsister
|
Compounding
|
|
199
|
Frame-up
|
Compounding
|
|
200
|
Loan-shark
|
Compounding
|
|
211
|
Nature-faker
|
Compounding
|
|
212
|
Stand-patter
|
Compounding
|
|
213
|
Lounge-lizard
|
Compounding
|
|
214
|
Hash-foundry
|
compounding
|
|
215
|
Buzz-wagon
|
Compounding
|
|
216
|
Geezer
|
derivational
|
|
217
|
Piker
|
Derivational
|
|
218
|
Brynize
|
Derivational
|
|
219
|
Flecherize
|
Derivational
|
|
220
|
Oslerize
|
Derivational
|
|
221
|
Funeralize
|
Derivational
|
|
222
|
To belgiumize
|
Derivational
|
|
223
|
To vacationize
|
Derivational
|
|
224
|
To picturize
|
Derivational
|
|
225
|
To scenarioize
|
Derivational
|
|
226
|
To cohanize
|
Derivational
|
|
227
|
To citizenite
|
Derivational
|
|
228
|
To institutionalize
|
Derivational
|
|
229
|
To census
|
Derivational
|
|
230
|
To Wassermann
|
conversion
|
|
231
|
To major
|
Conversion
|
|
232
|
To debut
|
Conversion
|
|
233
|
To headquearters
|
Conversion
|
|
234
|
To vacation
|
Conversion
|
|
235
|
Specialing
|
Derivational
|
|
236
|
Concacted
|
Derivational
|
|
237
|
Service
|
Derivational
|
|
238
|
To lobby-display
|
Conversion
|
|
239
|
To demote
|
Conversion
|
|
240
|
To renig
|
Backformation, conversion
|
|
241
|
Renegade
|
Derivational
|
|
242
|
S.O.S
|
Acronym
|
|
243
|
To knock
|
Conversion
|
|
244
|
To rattle
|
Conversion, blending
|
|
245
|
To roast
|
Conversion
|
|
246
|
To pan
|
Conversion
|
|
247
|
injunct
|
Conversion
|
|
248
|
Operate
|
Conversion
|
|
249
|
Cut-up
|
compounding
|
|
250
|
Showdown
|
Compounding
|
|
251
|
Kcik-in
|
Compounding
|
|
252
|
Come-down
|
Compounding
|
|
253
|
Hand-out
|
Compounding
|
|
254
|
Start-off
|
Compounding
|
|
255
|
Wind-up
|
Compounding
|
|
256
|
Run-in
|
Compounding
|
|
257
|
Balled-up
|
Compounding
|
|
258
|
Hand-up
|
Compounding
|
|
259
|
Turn-down
|
Compounding
|
|
260
|
Frame-up
|
Compounding
|
|
261
|
Stop-over
|
Compounding
|
|
262
|
Jump-off
|
Compounding
|
|
263
|
Lonesome
|
Compounding
|
|
264
|
Classy
|
derivational
|
|
265
|
Tasty
|
Derivational
|
|
266
|
Tony
|
Derivational
|
|
267
|
jazz
|
Etymology
|
|
268
|
Jinx
|
Etymology
|
|
269
|
Hobo
|
Etymology
|
|
270
|
Woozy
|
Etymology
|
|
271
|
Goo-goo
|
Etymology
|
|
272
|
Hoakum
|
Etymology
|
|
273
|
sundae
|
Etymology
|
|
274
|
Kodak
|
Coinage
|
|
275
|
Vaseline
|
Coinage
|
|
276
|
Listerine
|
Coinage
|
|
277
|
Postum
|
Coinage
|
|
278
|
Carborundum
|
Coinage
|
|
279
|
Klaxon
|
Coinage
|
|
280
|
Pianola
|
Coinage
|
|
281
|
Victrola
|
Coinage
|
|
282
|
Distagraph
|
Coinage
|
|
283
|
uneeda
|
Coinage
|
|
284
|
Alabastine
|
derivational
|
|
285
|
Protectograph
|
Derivational
|
|
286
|
Distograph
|
Derivational
|
|
287
|
Orangeade
|
Derivational
|
|
288
|
Crispette
|
Derivational
|
|
289
|
Pearline
|
Derivational
|
|
290
|
Electrolier
|
Derivational
|
|
291
|
Resinol
|
Derivational
|
|
292
|
Thermos
|
Derivational
|
|
293
|
Grafanola
|
Derivational
|
|
294
|
Shinola
|
Derivational
|
|
295
|
Sapolio
|
Derivational
|
|
296
|
Lysol
|
Derivational
|
|
297
|
Neolin
|
Derivational
|
|
298
|
Croscp
|
Derivational
|
|
299
|
Cascaret
|
Derivational
|
|
300
|
Wheatlet
|
Derivational
|
|
301
|
Chclet
|
Derivational
|
|
302
|
Palmolive
|
Derivational
|
|
303
|
Spearmint
|
Derivational
|
|
304
|
Peptomint
|
Derivational
|
|
305
|
Autocar
|
Derivational
|
|
306
|
Curicura
|
Blending
|
|
307
|
Damaskeene
|
Blending
|
|
308
|
Locomobile
|
Blending
|
|
309
|
Mobiloil
|
Blending
|
|
310
|
Oldsmobile
|
Blending
|
|
311
|
Hupmobile
|
Blending
|
|
312
|
Valspar
|
Blending
|
|
313
|
fiat
|
Borrowing
|
|
314
|
grandificent
|
Blending
|
|
315
|
sodalicious
|
Blending
|
|
316
|
warphan
|
Blending
|
|
317
|
swelldoodle
|
Borrowing, derivational
|
|
318
|
Splendiferous
|
Borrowing
|
|
319
|
peacharino
|
Borrowing
|
|
|
|
|
FKIP 5A
38
UNISLA
2013
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